• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to an astronomical instrument for displaying the sunrise and the sunset in the yearly cycle, the timepiece being drivable by a clockwork. A width-graduated disk (1) is rotatably drivable about one center axis per 24 hours about a center axis which can be moved past a fixed mark (32) by this rotary movement, with one or more width graduation circles arranged concentrically to the center axis on the width-graduated disk. The center axis forms a pole of the earth and the radius of the one or the maximum latitude circle is the geographical width from this pole of the earth to the equator. With a line-like horizon element (25) which extends over the width-graduated disk, the two free ends of the horizon element (25) being mounted on bearing locations (24)
    公开号:CH711629A2
    申请号:CH01150/16
    申请日:2016-09-06
    公开日:2017-04-13
    发明作者:Goder Reinhard
    申请人:Lange Uhren Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The invention relates to an astronomical measuring device for displaying the sunrise and the sunset in the annual cycle, wherein the timepiece can be driven by a clockwork.
    [0002] In such an astronomical measuring device, it is known to display the sunrise and sunset with the aid of cam disks which are associated with a single, specific latitude of the geographical latitude.
    SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the invention is to provide an astronomical measuring device of the type mentioned at the beginning by which the sunrise and the sunset can be displayed at the respective latitude of the location of an observer of the time measuring device.
    This object is achieved according to the invention by the fact that a latitude disk can be driven rotatably about a center axis which can be moved past a fixed mark by means of this rotary movement with one rotation and a plurality of circumferential degrees arranged concentrically to the center axis on the width- Wherein the center axis forms a pole of the earth and the radius of the one or the maximum latitude circle forms the geographic latitude from this pole of the earth to the equator, with a line-like horizon element which extends over the width graduation disk, the two free ends of the horizon- Are stored,On a fictive line intersecting the center axis, and wherein the central region of the horizon element can be deflected transversely with respect to the fictional line intersecting the center axis in such a way that it extends between a maximum deflection of 26% of the maximum radius of the width degree circle to one side of the Fictive line and a maximum deflection of 26% of the maximum radius of the latitude circle to the other side of the imaginary line.
    [0005] The rotation of the width-graduated disk does not have to be drivable exactly with one revolution per 24 hours, it is sufficient if it can be driven approximately with one revolution per 24 hours.
    [0006] The maximum deflections of the horizon element are due to the inclination of the earth axis. The ± 26% is an approximate value. Exactly it is ± 26.04% of the radius of the maximum latitude circle.
    [0007] The horizon element subdivides the 24-hour range of the latitude disc into two regions. For example, in the area between sunrise and sunset, and the other in the area between sunset and sunrise. If the observer is at the equator, the daily length between sunrise and sunset and the night length between sunset and sunrise is always exactly twelve hours, and the horizon element extends linearly over the center axis. For higher latitudes, the length of the day is lengthened to over twelve hours in the summer months, with the mid-range of the horizon element extending from its linear extent into the night-length range length range.
    [0008] The length of the daylight can be read off on the basis of the day length range defined by the horizon element.
    A first embodiment of the time measuring device consists in the fact that one or a plurality of markings can be arranged on the one width degree circle or the plurality of width graduation circles of the width graduation disc which can be moved past the fixed mark by the rotary movement of the width graduated disc and whose position can be adjusted by changing the angle Diameter of the width degree circle.
    The markings correspond to evenly distributed time data of twenty-four hours and can be adjusted to the degree of latitude on which the observer is currently located by radial adjustment along the latitude scale. By means of the common adjustment of all markings, all markings are set to a certain degree of latitude. The mark opposite the fixed mark indicates the average local time. Since the mean local time also corresponds to the longitude of the geographic length, the measuring device is set to the position of the observer according to the degree of latitude and latitude when the local time is set correctly.
    The length of the daylight can be read off on the basis of the number of markings in the day length range defined by the horizon element.
    [0012] If the majority of the markings have twenty-four markings, the distances between the markers correspond to hourly intervals. By counting the markings in the daylight range, the hours of the day length can be easily determined.
    The width-graduated disk can have a number corresponding to the number of markings in the form of grooves or slots extending in a radial manner from the center axis, in each of which a marking-like marking element forming a marking is radially displaceable; all marking elements can be driven together in a radially displaceable manner. Any suitable common radial displacement drive can be used.
    [0014] In order to be able to read the width degrees on the latitude disk for determining its own location, a radially extending width graduation scale can be arranged on the width graduation disk.
    On the latitude scale, the degree of latitude "0 °" preferably corresponds to the concentric latitude circle of greatest diameter, and the latitude scale extends radially from the latitude "0 °".
    [0016] A further embodiment of the time measuring device consists in that the or the degree of the degree of width is fixedly arranged on the width-graduated disk.
    [0017] The latitude grades allow the latitude grades to be read well to determine their own location on the latitudinal disk.
    A particularly good readability of the user's own location is made possible by the fact that the width-graduation circuits are arranged with regular radial spacings fixedly on the width-graduated disk.
    [0019] The regular radial distances can be, for example, ten degrees of width.
    [0020] In addition, the polar circle and / or the equatorial circle can also be fixed.
    A further aid for determining the own location on the latitude disk consists in the fact that a plurality of radii of the earth representing a plurality of longitudinal degrees of the earth are arranged uniformly distributed circumferentially from the center axis.
    If twenty-four radial lines are arranged on the width graduated disk, they simultaneously form the hour division of a day.
    One of the radii lines can be the zero meridian by which the UTC (coordinated world time) is also determined.
    [0024] Another of the radii lines can represent the date limit.
    [0025] In order to quickly and accurately determine known locations on the latitudinal disk, locating markings can be fixedly arranged on the latitude disk according to latitude and longitude.
    [0026] In an approximation to the respective theoretical form of the horizon element, the horizon element can be deflected out of a straight extension along the fictive line intersecting the center axis into a curved extent.
    [0027] For this purpose, in a simple embodiment, the horizon element is preferably a spring band or spring wire.
    [0028] The time equation is the time difference between the true solar time, ie, the true local time and the mean solar time, ie mean local time. The causes of the equilibrium are the slightly fluctuating velocity of the motion of the earth on its elliptical orbit around the sun, and the fact that its axis, in a good approximation, remains parallel to itself during this annual movement, and is not perpendicular to the plane of the plane. Specifically, the elliptical shape of the orbit causes a periodic difference of about ± 7.5 minutes and the parallel displacement of the inclined axis of the earth causes a periodic difference of about ± 10 minutes. Because the two periodic portions are phase-shifted, the annual extremes are about +16 and -14 minutes.
    In order to be able to display the true local time, the storage locations of the horizon element can be pivoted between 4 ° in a first pivoting direction and 4 ° in the second pivot direction opposite the first pivoting direction about the center axis. The tilting angle of 4 ° corresponds to approximately sixteen time minutes.
    For this purpose, in a simple embodiment parallel to the width-graduated disk, a time-equilibrium frame can be arranged so as to be pivotable about a pivot axis which has a viewing opening which opens the region of the markings on the width-graduation disk or the latitude-graduation circles and radial lines on the latitude disk First pivoting direction and 4 ° into the second pivoting direction opposite to the first pivoting direction about the pivot axis, wherein the horizon element can be driven so as to be pivotable about the center axis by the pivoting movement of the time-equilibrium frame.
    [0031] The pivot axis is preferably the center axis.
    [0032] In order for the pivoting of the timing frame also to be taken up by the horizon element, the bearing locations of the horizon element can be arranged on the time equation frame.
    One possibility for the rotary drive of the time equilibrium frame is that a time equilibrium disc can be rotatably driven with one revolution per year which is in permanent contact with its radially circumferential curved path against a stop path of the time equilibrium which extends transversely to the fictional axis intersecting the center axis Line.
    The maximum height of the sun above the horizon is dependent on the latitude and the season. In order to be able to take account of the dependence on the season, a seasoning frame can be arranged in parallel in front of the latitude disc which has a viewing opening which frees the region of the markings or the latitude grades and radial lines and which crosses the imaginary line intersecting the center axis between a lower end position And an upper end position, wherein the width degree disk assumes the upper end position for the winter sunrise and the lower end position for the summer sunrise position.
    The radial position of the respective mark facing the mark then indicates the height of the sun above the horizon at the noon time as a function of the time of the year.
    For the driving of the seasoning frame, the seasoning frame can have a center circular curve on which a lifting element is permanently in abutment and which can be driven in the yearly cycle between the lower end position and the upper end position transversely to the imaginary line intersecting the center axis.
    In this case, the lifting element can have a lifting beam which abuts on the circular curve and extends parallel to the center axis, and on whose two free ends a respective lifting arm is arranged, the same lifting arms extending parallel to each other in the direction facing away from the circular curve And their free ends are each pivoted at the same radius on a drive wheel, whereby at least one of the drive wheels rotatable about the axis of rotation parallel to the center axis can be rotatably driven with one revolution per year.
    In order to save space in combination with the display of the true local time and the altitude of the sun above the horizon at the time of noon, the time equilibrium frame and season frame can be formed by a frame component.
    In order to support the various drive mechanisms for the indication of the true local time and / or the altitude of the sun over the horizon at the noon time, the timing frame or the season frame or the frame component can have a support plate connected therewith.
    In order that the angular degrees of the sun's height can be read off the horizon at the horizon, a zenith gage scale can be arranged on the seasoning frame or on the frame component, extending radially over the region of the radially variable markings, Angular degrees over the horizon of the sun in the zenith.
    [0041] The position of the mark located under the zenith sigma scale then indicates the angular degree of the height of the sun above the horizon at the time of noon.
    In order to allow a relative movement between the bearing points of the horizonal element and the vertically movable frame component, the bearing points of the horizon element can be arranged on adjusting elements which are guided adjustably along mutually parallel linear adjustment guides of the frame component which extend at right angles to the imaginary line intersecting the center axis extend.
    [0043] In this case, the adjusting elements can be connected to one another by means of a connecting piece extending over the center axis.
    In this case, the bearing part has a pointer which extends at right angles to the fictional line intersecting the center axis and intersects the center axis, wherein a time equilibrium scale arranged on the frame component can be moved along the pointer flag arranged at the free end of the pointer Pivoting angle of the frame part.
    In order to also be able to read off the respective time, one or more pointer waves can be arranged coaxially with the center axis, each of which carries a pointer which sweeps over a time scale concentric with the center axis.
    An exemplary embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the drawing and is described in more detail below. Show it
    1 shows a perspective front view of a first exemplary embodiment of an astronomical measuring device with a horizons element extending linearly over the center axis;
    FIG. 2 shows a perspective front view of the astronomical measuring device according to FIG. 1 with the horizon element deflected into the day length range;
    FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a first disc of a measuring disk of the measuring apparatus according to FIG. 1 consisting of two coaxial discs;
    FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a second disk of the disk of the measuring device of FIG. 1 consisting of two coaxial disks; FIG.
    FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of adjusting mechanisms in front of a frame component of the measuring device according to FIG. 1;
    FIG. 6 shows a further perspective view of the adjusting mechanisms in front of the frame component of the measuring device
    FIG. 1; FIG.
    FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a pivotally mounted connecting piece with a pointer for sweeping a time equilibrium scale and with a horizonal element of the measuring device according to FIG. 1;
    FIG. 8 shows a perspective front view of a second exemplary embodiment of an astronomical measuring device.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The astronomical measuring device shown in FIGS. 1 to 7 has a width-graduated disk 1 consisting of a first disk 2 and a second disk 3 arranged in front thereof, the first disk 2 and the second disk 3 being arranged in a sandwich- The second disc 3 is rotatably adjustable about a central center axis 5 opposite the fixed first disc 2. In the embodiment shown in FIG.
    The first disk 2 has twenty-four slots 4 which extend radially outwards from the central center axis 5 radially outwards and whose spacings respectively symbolize the time of one hour.
    In the slots 4, marking elements 6 are guided in a radially displaceable manner which have a conical marking 7 facing the observer facing the observer, with all the markings 7 always being on a radius which is the same as the center axis 5.
    To the side 9 facing away from the observer, which faces the second pane 3, two guide pins 10 of the marking elements 6 protrude from the slots 4 at a radial distance from one another and into a spiral groove 11 of the second pane 3, Spiral groove 11 corresponds to the distance between the two guide pins 10.
    By rotating the second disk 3 with respect to the first disk 2, the markers 7 are displaceable between a width-degree circuit of maximum diameter and a width-graduation circuit of minimum diameter.
    As can be seen in particular in FIGS. 1 and 2, a latitude scale 12 of the geographical latitude is plotted radially on the side 8 of the first disk 2 facing the observer. The latitude scale is located radially from 0 ° to the equator to the center axis 5 At 90 ° corresponding to a pole.
    [0053] Of a clock mechanism (not shown), the width-graduated disk 1 is driven clockwise with one revolution per twenty-four hours.
    A frame component 14, which has a viewing opening 15 which leaves the area of ​​the width graduation scale 12 and the slots 4 as well as the radially adjustable markings 7, is arranged in front of the side of the degree-of-degree disc 1 facing the observer.
    The frame component 14 is connected in a planar manner to a carrier plate 16 which is parallel to the width-graduated disk 1 on its side facing away from the observer.
    Horizontally, the center axis 5 intersecting a fictive line 13 across the width-graduated disk 1.
    The frame component 14 is capable of driving a seasonal frame in a yearly cycle, which is movable transversely to the fictional line 13 between a lower end position and an upper end position, the season frame being the upper end position and the lower end position as well as the day and night equals The middle position between the upper and lower end positions.
    For this adjustment of the frame component 14, the carrier plate 16 has, on its side facing away from the observer, an excellent circular curve 17, on which a lifting beam 18 of a lifting element 19 parallel to the fictional line 13 is permanently in contact. At the two free ends of the lifting beam 18, two identical lifting arms 20 of the lifting element 19 are arranged parallel to one another, the free ends of which are each pivoted on a drive wheel 21, the driving wheels 21 arranged next to one another being rotatable about axes of rotation 22 parallel to the center axis 5. At least one of the drive wheels 21 can be rotatably driven with one revolution per year.
    The lifting element 19 forms a double crank drive with the drive wheels 21.
    Due to the rotation of the drive wheels 21, the support plate 16 is driven by means of the lifting beam 18, which is permanently applied to the circular curve 17, and the frame component 14 is driven transversely with respect to the fictional line 13 by means of it.
    In this seasonal movement of the frame component 14, two adjusting elements 23 are located from bearing points 24 of a horizon element 25, which is formed by a flexible spring band, in a position such that they are located diametrically opposite on the imaginary line 13.
    The middle region of the second-long horizon element 25 is designed as a staging element 36 and is arranged transversely with respect to the fictitious line 13 between a maximum deflection of 26.04% of the equatorial circle width of the marking elements 6 to the one side of the fictitious line 13 and a maximum deflection of 26, 04% of the width degree circle of the marking elements 6 corresponding to the equator can be driven deflectably to the other side of the imaginary line 13 within one year cycle. The mutually facing ends of the two parts of the horizon- tal element 25 are arranged on the staging element 36. During the deflection, the horizon element 25 is deformed bulgingly.
    The area enclosed by the markings 7 above the horizon element 25 is the area between sunrise and sunset and the area enclosed by the mark 7 below the horizon element 25 is the area between sunset and sunrise, the markings 7 indicating the degree of latitude This is the case. By counting the markings 7 above the horizon element 25, the time span of the tag and by counting the markers 7 below the horizon element 25, the time span of the night can be read off.
    On the frame component 14, a zenith spectacle scale 26 is arranged which extends radially from the outside to the center axis 5 over the area of ​​the radially variable markings 7 and on which the angular degrees are plotted above the horizon of the sun in the zenith, that is to say at noon ,
    On the side of the carrier plate facing away from the observer, a constant-speed cam 27, which can be driven with one revolution per year, is rotatably mounted on a location-fixed bearing part. A pointer 31, which extends at right angles to the connecting piece 30 to the center axis 5, is fixedly arranged on the bearing part 34. At its free end, the pointer 31 has a pointer vane 32 encompassing the outer edge of the carrier plate 16 and the frame component 14, which has a time equilibrium scale 33 of -15 'to + 15' (corresponds to a pivot angle of approximately + 4 ° to -4 °) Of the side of the frame component 14 facing the observer for reading the time equation. The drive wheels 21 are also rotatably mounted on this stationary bearing part 34. With its radially encircling cam track 28, the timing cam disk 27 is in permanent contact with a stop track 29 of the frame component 14, which also forms a timing frame, which extends transversely to the imaginary line intersecting the center axis 5. The frame component 14 can be driven to pivot about 4 ° in the first pivoting direction and 4 ° in the second pivoting direction, which is opposite to the first pivoting direction, by means of the pivoting movement of the frame component 14 and of the adjusting elements 35 of the frame component 14 The horizon element 25 can also be driven so as to be pivotable about the center axis 5. The tilting angle of 4 ° corresponds to approximately sixteen minutes.
    The two adjusting elements 23 are connected to one another by means of a connecting piece 30 extending over the center axis 5.
    The exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 8 of an astronomical measuring device has a width-graduated disk 1 'which radially bears on the side facing the observer a latitude-scale scale 12' of the latitude which extends radially from 0 ° to the equator, Center axis 5 'at 90 ° corresponding to a pole.
    [0068] The width degree disk V is driven clockwise by a clock (not shown) with one revolution per twenty-four hours clockwise.
    A frame component 14 ', which has a viewing opening 15' which leaves the area of ​​the width graduation scale 12 'open, is arranged in front of the side of the degree-of-degree disk V facing the observer.
    Horizontally, the center axis 5 'intersects a notional line 13' across the width-graduated disk 1 '.
    The frame component 14 'is capable of driving a seasonally-shaped frame in the annual cycle in a manner movable transversely to the fictional line 13' between a lower end position and an upper end position, as is described in the exemplary embodiment of FIGS.
    In this seasonal movement of the frame component 14 ', two adjusting elements 23' are located by bearing points 24 'of a horizon element 25', which is formed by a flexible spring band, in a position such that they are located diametrically opposite on the imaginary line 13 '.
    The middle region of the second horizon element 25 'is designed as a staging element 36' and is thus transversely with respect to the fictitious line 13 'between a maximum deflection of 26.04% of the circle corresponding to the equator to the one side of the imaginary line 13' and a maximum deflection of 26 , 04% of the width degree circle corresponding to the equator to the other side of the imaginary line 13 'can be driven deflectably within a yearly cycle. The mutually facing ends of the two parts of the horizon- tal element 25 'are arranged on the stadium element 36'.
    In the deflection, the horizon- tal element 25 'is deformed bulgingly.
    On the width-graduated disk 1 ', width-graduation circles 37' are applied concentrically to the center axis 5 'at intervals of ten degrees of width, the radially outermost width-degree circuit 37' corresponding to the equator. The polar circle 38 'is additionally applied near the radially innermost latitude circuit 37'.
    In addition, twenty-four radial lines 39 ', which represent the longitude grades of the earth, are distributed uniformly distributed along the circumference on the width-graduated disk 1' from the center axis 5 '.
    This results in a network of latitude circles 37 'and radial lines 39', in which the observer can determine his current location according to degree of latitude and latitude.
    One of the radii 39 'is the zero meridian 40' at which the world time (UTC) applies and a further radial line 37 'diametrically opposite the zero meridian represents the date limit 41'. This radial line 37 'corresponding to the datum limit 41' corresponds to zero Clock. From this zero clock radial line, the following radial lines 37 'are provided with clocks 1 to 23 in the clockwise direction.
    [0079] In addition, location markings 42 'are applied from known locations to the width degree disk 1'.
    The area above the horizon element 25 'is the area between sunrise and sunset and the area below the horizon element 25' is the area between sunset and sunrise. By counting the radii 39 'above the horizon element 25', the time span of the tag is determined, and by counting the radii 39 'below the horizon element 25', the time period of the night can be read off.
    A zenithing scale 26 'is arranged on the frame component 14', which extends radially from the outside to the center axis 5 'over the region of the width graduation circuits 37' and on which the angular degrees over the horizon of the sun at the zenith, that is to say at noon Are applied.
    According to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 7, a constant-speed cam, drivable with one revolution per year, is rotatably mounted on the side of a carrier plate facing away from the observer on a location-fixed bearing part. A pointer 31 'is fixedly arranged on the bearing part, the pointer axis 5' extending in a cutting manner. At its free end, the pointer 31 'has a pointer flag 32' embracing the outer edge of the carrier plate and the frame component 14 ', which has a time scale 33' from -15 'to + 15' (corresponds to a pivot angle of approximately + 4 ° to -4 °) °) on the side of the frame component 14 'facing the observer for reading the time equation. With a non-illustrated embodiment, which is similar to the embodiment of FIG. 1 to 7, the frame component 14 'can be driven so as to be pivotable about a pivot axis in the first pivot direction 4 ° in the annual cycle between 4 ° and in the second pivot direction opposite to the first pivot direction, wherein the pivotal movement of the frame component 14' Of the frame component 14 ', the horizon element 25' can also be driven so as to be pivotable about the center axis 5 '. The pivot angle of 4 ° corresponds to about fifteen minutes. The mutually parallel adjustment guides 35 'extend at right angles to the imaginary line 13' intersecting the center axis 5 '. In the annual cycle between 4 ° in a first pivoting direction and 4 ° in the second pivoting direction opposite to the first pivoting direction about a pivot axis, whereby the horizon element is caused by the pivoting movement of the frame component 14 'and the adjusting elements 23' abutting the adjustment guides 35 'of the frame component 14' 25 'can also be driven so as to be pivotable about the center axis 5'. The pivot angle of 4 ° corresponds to about fifteen minutes. The mutually parallel adjustment guides 35 'extend at right angles to the imaginary line 13' intersecting the center axis 5 '. In the annual cycle between 4 ° in a first pivoting direction and 4 ° in the second pivoting direction opposite to the first pivoting direction about a pivot axis, whereby the horizon element is caused by the pivoting movement of the frame component 14 'and the adjusting elements 23' abutting the adjustment guides 35 'of the frame component 14' 25 'can also be driven so as to be pivotable about the center axis 5'. The pivot angle of 4 ° corresponds to about fifteen minutes. The mutually parallel adjustment guides 35 'extend at right angles to the imaginary line 13' intersecting the center axis 5 '. The horizon element 25 'can also be driven to pivot about the center axis 5'. The pivot angle of 4 ° corresponds to about fifteen minutes. The mutually parallel adjustment guides 35 'extend at right angles to the imaginary line 13' intersecting the center axis 5 '. The horizon element 25 'can also be driven to pivot about the center axis 5'. The pivot angle of 4 ° corresponds to about fifteen minutes. The mutually parallel adjustment guides 35 'extend at right angles to the imaginary line 13' intersecting the center axis 5 '.
    The two adjusting elements 23 'are connected to one another by means of a connecting piece (not shown) extending over the center axis 5'.
    For the embodiment of FIG. 8, there are two possibilities for reading the times up to the sunrise, the zenith or the sunset. Possibility Number 1.
    This can be used if one wants to read the times up to the sunrise, the zenith or the sunset for one of the placemarks. With the example of the "Glashütte" and "Sommerzeit" marking, this means that the world time (UTC) + 2 hours applies. The width degree disk 1 'is set such that at noon the radialline 39' with the hour designation 14 (12 + 2) is directed perpendicularly upwards to the pointer flag 32 'at noon. Now the sunrise or the sunset is displayed when the location mark marked with "Glashütte" exceeds the horizon element 25 '. The zenith level is displayed when the placard marked with "Glashütte" exceeds the sunrise scale 26 '. Possibility 2.
    This is to be used if one wants to read the times up to the sunrise, the zenith or the sunset for a place which is not provided with a location mark 42.
    The width degree disk 1 'is set such that at noon the radial line of the datum limit 41' with the hour designation zero is directed perpendicularly upwards to the pointer flag 32 'at twelve o'clock.
    The point suitable for the latitude of the observer is searched by means of the relevant width degree circle 37 'on the length of the datum boundary 41'. If this point exceeds the horizon element 25 ', this is the time for sunrise or sunset. If this point exceeds the solar scale 26 ', this is the time for the zenith of the sun. The time, which passes by then, can be read off directly from the hour names.
    Reference list 1 Width degree disc 1 'Width degree disc 2 First disc 3 Second disc 4 Slits 5 Center axis 5' Center axis 6 Marking elements 7 Marking 8 Observer facing side 9 Observer facing side 10 Guiding pin 11 Spiral groove 12 Width scale scale 12 'Width scale scale 13 Fictive line 13' Fictive line 14 frame component 14 'frame component 15 viewing opening 15' sight opening 16 carrier plate 17 circular curve 18 lifting beam 19 lifting element 20 lifting arms 21 driving wheel 22 rotating axles 23 adjusting elements 23 'adjusting elements 24 bearing arrangements 24' bearing arrangements 25 horizons element 25 'horizons element 26 Sonnenzenitskala 26' Sonnenzenitskala 27 Zeitgleichungskurvenscheibe 28 Kurvenbahn 29 Anschlagsbahn 30 Connector 31 Pointer 31 'Pointer
    权利要求:
    Claims (31)
    [1] 1. An astronomical measuring device for displaying the sunrise and the sunset in the yearly cycle, wherein the time measuring device is drivable by a clockwork, characterized in that a width-graduation disk (1, 1 ') is rotated about a center axis (5, 5' ) Which can be moved past a fixed mark by this rotary movement, having one or more width graduation circuits (1, 1 ') which are arranged concentrically with the center axis (5, 5') on the width degree disc (1, 1 '), the center axis (5, 5 ') forms a pole of the earth and the radius of the one or the maximum latitude circle (1,1') forms the geographical width from this pole of the earth to the equator, with a line-like horizon element (25, 25 ') Extends over the width-graduated disk (1, 1 '),Wherein the two free ends of the horizon element are mounted on bearing locations diametrically opposite one another on a fictive line intersecting the center axis (13, 13 ') which intersects the center axis (5, 5') can be deflected in such a way that the distance between a maximum deflection of 26% of the maximum radius of the circle relative to the center axis of the horizon element (25, 25 ' (13, 13 ') and a maximum deflection of 26% of the maximum radius of the circle to the other side of the imaginary line (13, 13').(13, 13 ') are diametrically opposite one another and the middle region of the horizon element (25, 25') can be deflected transversely with respect to the imaginary line (13, 13 ') intersecting the center axis (5, 5') (13, 13 ') between a maximum deflection of 26% of the maximum radius of the circle to the one side of the imaginary line (13, 13') and a maximum deflection of 26% of the maximum radius of the circle to the other side of the imaginary line ,(13, 13 ') are diametrically opposite one another and the middle region of the horizon element (25, 25') can be deflected transversely to the imaginary line (13, 13 ') intersecting the center axis (5, 5') (13, 13 ') within a yearly cycle between a maximum deflection of 26% of the maximum radius of the circle to the one side of the fictitious line (13, 13') and a maximum deflection of 26% of the maximum radius of the circle to the other side of the imaginary line ,(13, 13 ') and a maximum deflection of 26% of the maximum radius of the circle to the other side of the imaginary line (13, 13'), ) emotional.(13, 13 ') and a maximum deflection of 26% of the maximum radius of the circle to the other side of the imaginary line (13, 13'), ) emotional.
    [2] 2. The measuring device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that one or a plurality of markings (7) are arranged on the one width-width circle or the plurality of width-graduation circles of the width-graduated disk (1), which markings can be moved past the fixed mark by the rotary movement of the width-graduated disk (1) And the position of which can be adjusted in a radially variable manner by changing the diameter of the width degree circle.
    [3] 3. Measuring device according to claim 2, characterized in that the positions of the plurality of markers (7) can be adjusted together in a radially variable manner together with a change in the diameter of the width degree circuit.
    [4] 4. The measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of markings are twenty-four markings.
    [5] 5. The measuring device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the width-graduated disk (1) has a number of slots or slots (4) extending in a radial manner from the center axis (5), corresponding to the number of markings (7) (6) which forms a marking (7) is disposed so as to be radially displaceable, wherein all marking elements (6) can be driven together in a radially displaceable manner.
    [6] 6. The measuring device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that a radially extending width graduation scale (12, 12 ') is arranged on the width graduated disk (1, 1').
    [7] 7. The measuring device according to claim 6, wherein the width degree "0 °" corresponds to the concentric circle of the largest diameter on the width graduation scale (12, 12 '), and the width graduation scale (12, 12') extends radially from the degree of latitude "0 °" Inwardly.
    [8] 8. The measuring device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the width of the circle (s) (37 ') is arranged firmly on the width-graduated disk (1').
    [9] 9. The measuring device according to claim 8, characterized in that the width graduation circuits (37 ') are arranged at regular radial distances to one another fixedly on the width-graduated disk (1').
    [10] 10. The measuring device according to claim 8, characterized in that a radial lines (39 ') representing a plurality of longitudinal degrees of the earth are uniformly distributed over the circumference on the width graduated disk (1') from the center axis (5 ').
    [11] 11. The measuring device according to claim 10, characterized in that twenty-four radial lines (39 ') are arranged on the width-graduated disk (1').
    [12] 12. The measuring device as claimed in claim 10, wherein one of the radial lines (39 ') represents the zero meridian (40 *).
    [13] 13. The measuring device according to claim 10, characterized in that one of the radial lines (39 ') represents the date limit (41').
    [14] 14. The measuring device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that positional markings (42) are arranged fixedly on the width degree disk (1, 1 ') according to the degree of latitude and the degree of longitude.
    [15] 15. The measuring device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the horizonal element (25, 25 ') can deflect a fictive line (13, 13') from a straight extension along the center line (5, 5 ') intersecting into a curved extent is.
    [16] 16. The measuring device according to claim 15, characterized in that the horizon element (25, 25 ') is a spring band or spring wire.
    [17] 17. The measuring device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bearing points of the horizon element in the annual cycle change between 4 ° in a first pivot direction and 4 ° in the second pivot direction opposite the first pivot direction The center axis (5, 5 ') can be pivoted.
    [18] 18. The measuring device as claimed in claim 17, characterized in that parallel to the width-graduated disk (1), a time-equilibrium frame is arranged so as to be pivotable about a pivot axis, which adjoins the region of the markings (7) or the latitude-graduation circles (37 ') and radii lines (39') (15, 15 ') which is free of the width degree disk (1, 1'), and which can be pivoted in the first cycle direction between 4 ° in a first pivoting direction and 4 ° in the second pivoting direction opposite the first pivoting direction (25, 25 ') is pivotally driven about the center axis (5, 5').
    [19] 19. The measuring device according to claim 18, characterized in that the pivot axis is the center axis (5, 5 ').
    [20] 20. The measuring device as claimed in claim 18, wherein the bearing points of the horizon element are arranged on the time-equilibrium frame.
    [21] 21. The measuring device as claimed in claim 20, characterized in that a time-equalizing cam (27) is rotatably drivable with a rotation per year, which is in permanent contact with a stop track (29) of the time equation frame by means of its radially encircling cam track (28) Extends transversely to the imaginary line (13) intersecting the center axis (5).
    [22] 22. The measuring device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that parallel to the width-graduated disk (1) is arranged a seasoning frame which has a viewing opening (15) which frees the region of the markings (7) on the width-graduated disk (1) (1), which is arranged at an upper end position, and which is arranged at a lower end position, and which is arranged at a distance from the center axis (5), is movable between a lower end position and an upper end position transversely with respect to the center axis (5).
    [23] 23. The measuring device as claimed in claim 22, characterized in that the seasoning frame has a centric circular curve (17) on which a lifting element (19) is permanently in contact, which in the annual cycle is arranged transversely to the imaginary line (13) intersecting the center axis (5) The lower end position and the upper end position.
    [24] 24. Measuring device according to claim 23, characterized in that the lifting element (19) has a walking beam (18) which is permanently applied to the circular curve (17) and extends parallel to the imaginary line (13) and intersects the center axis (5) (20) extend parallel to each other in the direction facing away from the circular curve (17) and are each mounted with their free ends at the same radius on a drive wheel (21), wherein the lifting arms (20) At least one of the drive wheels (21) which are rotatable around the axis (5) of rotation relative to the center axis (5) can be rotatably driven with one revolution per year.
    [25] 25. The measuring device according to claim 18, wherein the time frame and season frame are formed by a frame component.
    [26] 26. The measuring device according to claim 18, wherein the time equilibrium frame or the frame frame or the frame component have a support plate which is connected in a planar manner therewith.
    [27] 27. The measuring device as claimed in claim 22, wherein a zenithing sill scale is arranged on the seasoning frame or on the frame component, which extends radially towards the center axis (1, 1 ') on which the angular degrees are plotted above the horizon of the zenith in the zenith. (DE). WIPO Home services World Intellectual Property Organization
    [28] 28. The measuring device as claimed in claim 25, wherein the bearing points of the horizone element are arranged on adjusting elements which extend along mutually parallel linear adjustment guides, 35 ') of the frame component (14, 14'), which extend at right angles to the imaginary line (13, 13) intersecting the center axis (5, 5 ').
    [29] 29. The measuring device according to claim 28, wherein the adjusting elements are connected to each other by a connecting piece extending over the center axis.
    [30] 30. The measuring device as claimed in claim 29, wherein the bearing part (34) has a pointer (31, 31 ') which extends at right angles to the imaginary line (13, 13') intersecting the center axis (5, 5 ') (32, 32 ') arranged at the free end of the pointer (31, 31') along a graduated scale (33, 33 ') arranged on the frame component (14, 14') Is movable.
    [31] 31. The measuring device as claimed in claim 1, wherein coaxial to the center axis extends one or more pointer shafts each carrying a pointer which sweeps over a time scale concentric with the center axis.
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    US8333016B1|2012-12-18|Sundial for telling solar time and clock time across a range of latitudes and longitudes
    US4102054A|1978-07-25|Sundial
    US5459931A|1995-10-24|Direction indicator
    US3360196A|1967-12-26|Time and space chart
    US3940859A|1976-03-02|Unitary space transit
    US2754597A|1956-07-17|Astronomical instrument
    JP3727242B2|2005-12-14|Clock with location longitude determination means
    CH711629A2|2017-04-13|Astronomical measuring device for the display of sunrise and sunset.
    US4138826A|1979-02-13|Device for locating celestial bodies
    US4520572A|1985-06-04|Geographical sundial
    US5146436A|1992-09-08|Universal world clock
    US1146412A|1915-07-13|Sun-dial and locometer.
    US5425178A|1995-06-20|Solar compass
    US2921386A|1960-01-19|Universal world time and star map
    US3971915A|1976-07-27|Sun angle calculator
    US4435640A|1984-03-06|Multifunctional instrument for determining the position and course of the sun, the inclination for maximal insolation of a plane and the correspondence from solar and conventional time
    US4194306A|1980-03-25|Planetarium educational device
    US2532324A|1950-12-05|Star watch
    US3133359A|1964-05-19|Tellurian
    US3947973A|1976-04-06|Navigation teaching aid
    US3073032A|1963-01-15|Instrument for determining sidereal and solar time
    US3751830A|1973-08-14|Astrological time corrector
    US2696053A|1954-12-07|Astronomical locator
    CN216084089U|2022-03-18|Clock with demonstration ground-day relative position relation and correlation function
    US20200249629A1|2020-08-06|Adjustable sundial assembly
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    DE102015116683B4|2020-07-02|
    CN106949922B|2019-06-21|
    JP2017067782A|2017-04-06|
    DE102015116683A1|2017-04-06|
    JP6469063B2|2019-02-13|
    CH711629B1|2020-09-30|
    CN106949922A|2017-07-14|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US557173A|1896-03-31|Geographical-clock dial |
    US2056089A|1932-02-11|1936-09-29|Boggs Samuel Whittemore|Horological instrument and related devices|
    DE1277600B|1965-07-16|1968-09-12|Paul Schmuecker|World time display device|
    US4435795A|1981-04-07|1984-03-06|A.I.M. Services|Celestial clock|
    CH679355B5|1990-04-12|1992-08-14|Nardin Ulysse Sa|
    US20050105397A1|2003-11-14|2005-05-19|Christopher Tuason|System and method for a clock using a time standard where global time works cooperatively with all local time zones|
    CN2828986Y|2005-06-14|2006-10-18|罗牧晴|Anniversary morning and night instrument|
    EP2911013B1|2014-02-20|2017-04-05|The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd.|Timepiece capable of indicating the sunrise or sunset at any point on the globe|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102015116683.6A|DE102015116683B4|2015-10-01|2015-10-01|Astronomical measuring device|
    [返回顶部]